The process of receiving a license to practice law in Canada differs sharply from the American system. In addition, different universities use different programs and systems, further complicating the process. As a result, transferring licenses between the two countries is difficult. Here are some of the key differences.
Differing degrees
- The LL.B or Legum Baccalaureus, is a bachelor of laws. Originating in England, the term is used to apply to someone who has typically completed a four-year undergraduate law program. Unlike in England however, Canadian universities require prospective students to have previously completed a bachelor’s degree in any other field before applying to law school.
- The J.D., or Juris Doctor, replaces the LL.B. in many countries. Originating in the United States, the J.D. is a three-year undergraduate law program that serves as a preparation for higher learning in America, namely an LL.M., or master’s of laws.
Source: Differencebetween.net
LSATs
Both Canadian and American prospective law students are required to take the Law School Admission Test, or LSAT, in order to gain entry into a law school.
- The test is written four times a year at designated test centres.
- The standardized test consists of five 35-minute multiple choice sections each testing a different set of skills necessary for success in law school.
- Scores range from 120 to 180, with 120 being the lowest possible result and 180 being the highest.
- Canadian and American universities typically accept students with an average score of 160, but it varies from university to university.
- An individual is allowed to repeat the LSAT if they are not satisfied with their results, but universities are able to see all previous attempts.
- A prospective student may not take the LSAT more than three times in any two-year period.
- The cost of the LSAT is on average $160.00, but auxiliary fees can add up to an additional $80.00 for late fees, date changes or test centre changes.
Source: LSAT’s official website
Articling
Upon completing a law degree in Canada and several states in the U.S., students are required to join a practicing law firm or serve as a clerk for courts. This process is known as articling and is regarded as a training year before a law school graduate is able to write their bar examination to become a certified lawyer.
- Articling work periods and regulations vary by province but typically last one year.
- Articling students are typically supervised by a member of the bar and are required to attend bar admission classes to prepare for the examination.
- Graduating students are typically offered these positions following a summer work period at a law firm. Students are also able to apply directly to article however.
- Most articling and intern positions are offered through a law school’s career development centre.
Source: Dalhousie University law website
